Mexico History Timeline & FactsSouth America - Concise History of the Mesoamerican civilisations Mesoamericans were the ancient civilisations of South America which is now divided into 12 independent countries consisting of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela. The diverse civilizations of ancient Mesoamerica included the Olmecs, Toltecs, Aztecs, Incas and Mayans. The Mayans empire covered Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, and El Salvador. Click the following link for details of the ancient South American / Mesoamerican Civilisations History Timeline & Facts Concise Facts, Timeline and History about Mexico 1502 Moctezuma II ( aka Montezuma ) (1466-1520) assumes Aztec throne 1517 Spanish expedition under Francisco Hernandez de Cordoba (1475-1526) lands on Yucatan coast 1519 Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes (1485-1547) founds Veracruz 1519 Cortes enters Tenochtitlan and captures Moctezuma II ( aka Montezuma ) 1520 Moctezuma II ( aka Montezuma ) is killed 1528 Juan de Zumarraga (1468-1548) arrives as bishop of Mexico City and begins native conversion to Catholicism 1718 Franciscan missionaries settle in Texas which is of New Spain 1718 Mission San Antonio de Valero was established which later became famous as the Alamo 1803 Napoleon took Louisiana back from New Spain but sold it to the United States 1810 - Overthrow of the king of Spain by Napoleon 1810 September 16 Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla (1753-1811) preaches his Grito de Dolores, sparking rebellion and the War of Independence 1811 Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla is captured and executed 1821 Spain recognizes Mexican independence with the Treaty of Cordoba 1822 General Augustin de Iturbide assumes control as Emperor of Mexico 1823 General Santa Anna deposes Iturbide, the monarchy fails, and a new constitution creates a federal republic 1829 President Vicente Guerrero abolishes slavery 1829 A Spanish attempt at re-conquest is halted by General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna (1794-1876) Texas declares its independence 1836 February 23 to March 6 - A band of 189 Texas volunteers defied a Mexican army of thousands for 13 days of siege at the Alamo 1836 April Battle of San Jacinto - General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna is captured by Sam Houston 1846-1848 US-Mexican War 1848 The treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo reduces Mexico's territory by half, ceding present-day Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah, and part of Colorado to the U.S. 1853 Santa Anna agrees to the Gadsden Purchase, ceding a further 48,000 square km (30,000 square mi) to the United States 1863 the French occupy Mexico City and Napoleon III of France appoints Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian of Austria (1832-1867) as Emperor of Mexico 1864 Maximilian is executed 1910-1920 Mexican Revolution -- Madero, Huerta, Carranza, Villa and Zapata. Mexico History Time line |